In dysfunctional families, children learn certain rules from an early age: don't talk, don't trust, and don't feel. These unspoken rules allow the family to avoid dealing with real problems and issues as family members unconsciously adapt to the alcoholic's behavior by adjusting their own behavior. Unfortunately, these behaviors enable the alcoholic to keep drinking. Children in such dysfunctional families generally assume at least one of the following roles:
Family Hero. Tries to divert attention from the problem by being too good to be true.
Scapegoat. Draws attention away from the family's primary problem through delinquency or misbehavior.
Lost Child. Becomes passive and quietly withdraws from upsetting situations.
Mascot. Disrupts tense situations by providing comic relief.Also from the same chapter and on the next page, it states in the second paragraph:
In the past decade, we have come to recognize the unique problems of adult children of alcoholics whose difficulties in life stem from a lack of parental nurturing during childhood. Among these problems are difficulty in developing social attachments, a need to be in control of all emotions and situations, low self-esteem, and depression.

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